Historic Documents

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African Prehistory

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Ancient Civilisations of Africa

Papyrus of Ani

The Egyptian Book of the Dead [Translated by E.A. Wallis Budge], 240 BC. >>>

Accounts of Ancient Mauretania: c. 430 BCE- 550 CE

Herodotus: The Histories, c. 430 B.C., Book IV
Strabo: Geography, c. 22 A.D., XVII.iii.1-11
Procopius of Caesarea: History of the Wars, c. 550 A.D. Books III.xxv.3-9; IV.vi.10-14, vii.3, xi.16-20, xiii.26-29

Accounts of Meröe, Kush, and Axum: c. 430 BCE - 550 CE

The Selection of Aspalta as King of Kush, c. 600 BCE
Herodotus, The Histories, c. 430 BCE, Book III
Strabo: Geography, c. 22 CE, XVI.iv.4-17; XVII.i.53-54, ii.1-3, iii.1-11
Acts of the Apostles 8:26-39
Dio Cassius: History of Rome, c. 220 CE, Book LIV.v.4-6
Inscription of Ezana, King of Axum, c. 325 CE
Procopius of Caesarea: History of the Wars, c. 550 CE, Book I.xix.1, 17-22, 27-37, xx.1-13

Herodotus (c. 490-c. 425 BCE): from The Histories, c. 430 BCE. In the accounts here, Herodotus describes thepeoples and geography of North Africa west of Egypt - much further west than the current boundaries of modern Libya. These texts aslo form part of a larger file on North Africa/Mauretania in ancient sources. >>>